哲学的价值:
哲学研究的终极价值远远超出了它对生活的贡献。 哲学拓宽了人们理解和享受事物的范围。 它可以给一个人的自我认识,远见和生活的方向感。 它能给一个人的阅读和谈话带来洞察力的特殊乐趣。 它可以导致自我发现、意识扩展和自我更新。
话虽如此,对哲学的研究在追求一种职业时也是有价值的。 从哲学中学到的许多东西实际上可以应用于任何努力。 This is both because philosophy touches on so many subjects and, especially, because many of its methods are usable in any field.
解决一般问题. 学习哲学可以提高一个人解决问题的能力,这是其他任何活动都无法做到的。 它帮助人们分析概念、定义、论点和问题。 It contributes to one's capacity to organize ideas and issues, to deal with questions of value, and to extract what is essential from masses of information, and to synthesize a variety of views or perspectives into a unified whole.
沟通技巧. 哲学对表达能力和交际能力的发展也有独特的贡献。 它有助于人们表达自己与众不同的观点; 提高解释困难材料的能力; and helps to eliminate ambiguities and vagueness from one's writing and speech.
有说服力的权力. 哲学提供了构建清晰的公式、好的论证和恰当的例子的训练。 因此,它有助于培养一个人令人信服的能力。 These capacities can be developed not only through reading and writing in philosophy, but also through the philosophical dialogue, in and outside the classroom, that is so much a part of a thoroughgoing philosophical education.
写作技巧. 哲学课程集中教授写作,许多哲学文本作为文学作品是无与伦比的。 哲学通过对具有挑战性的文本的考察来发展解释性写作,通过强调对不同立场的公平来发展比较写作,通过培养学生建立自己观点的能力来发展议论文写作,通过对具体例子的详细描述来发展描述性写作。
The Uses of 哲学 for 研究生 and Professional Schools
哲学可以为计划研究生工作的学生带来立竿见影的好处。 正如法律、医学、商业和其他专业学校的教师和招生人员经常说的那样,哲学是为相关专业人员的培训和以后的职业生涯做的极好的准备。 以下几个环节可以很好地说明哲学专业学生在研究生学习方面所做的准备工作是否出色:
哲学在非学术事业中的应用
As recent studies show, employers want, and reward, many of the capacities which the study of philosophy develops: for example, in an interview by 纽约时报 reporter Adam Bryant with Laszlo Bock, the senior vice president of people operations at Google, Bock said that “For every job, the number one thing we look for is general cognitive ability…It’s learning ability. It’s the ability to process on the fly, the ability to pull together disparate bits of information.” The other qualities Bock said he looks for are leadership, humility and ownership, i.e., “a sense of responsibility.” The least important attribute he looks for is ”expertise.” More important than expertise in a particular area, says Bock, is a person “who has high cognitive ability, is innately curious, willing to learn, and has emergent leadership skills…” (“How to Get a Job At Google” by Thomas L. Friedman, 纽约时报, February 22, 2014) Similar reports were published by 《福布斯》 on March 4, 2014 and by the 《华尔街日报》 on March 31, 2014. 研究哲学的职业价值反映在所有人文学科毕业生的收入中位数统计数据中:
智慧、领导能力和解决人类冲突的能力并不是任何一门课程都能保证的,但哲学传统上一直在系统地追求这些理想,它的方法、它的文献和它的思想在追求实现这些理想的过程中不断地被使用。 健全的推理、批判性思维、结构良好的散文、成熟的判断、强烈的相关性和开明的意识永远不会过时,也不会受到市场需求波动的影响。 学习哲学是充分发展这些品质的最直接途径。